SQLite Having 子句

更新时间:2020-06-29 09:32

HAVING 子句允许指定条件来过滤将出现在最终结果中的分组结果。WHERE 子句在所选列上设置条件,而 HAVING 子句则在由 GROUP BY 子句创建的分组上设置条件。


语法
下面是 HAVING 子句在 SELECT 查询中的位置:
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY
在一个查询中,HAVING 子句必须放在 GROUP BY 子句之后,必须放在 ORDER BY 子句之前。下面是包含 HAVING 子句的 SELECT 语句的语法:
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table1, table2
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2
HAVING [ conditions ]
ORDER BY column1, column2

实例
假设 COMPANY 表有以下记录:
ID           NAME        AGE         ADDRESS       SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------    ----------
1            Paul        32          California   20000.0
2            Allen       25          Texas        15000.0
3            Teddy       23          Norway       20000.0
4            Mark        25          Rich-Mond    65000.0
5            David       27          Texas        85000.0
6            Kim         22          South-Hall   45000.0
7            James       24          Houston      10000.0
8            Paul        24          Houston      20000.0
9            James       44          Norway       5000.0
10           James       45          Texas        5000.0
下面是一个实例,它将显示名称计数小于 2 的所有记录:
sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) < 2;
这将产生以下结果:
ID           NAME        AGE         ADDRESS       SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------    ----------
2            Allen       25          Texas        15000.0
5            David       27          Texas        85000.0
6            Kim         22          South-Hall   45000.0
4            Mark        25          Rich-Mond    65000.0
3            Teddy       23          Norway       20000.0
下面是一个实例,它将显示名称计数大于 2 的所有记录:
sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) > 2;
这将产生以下结果:
ID           NAME        AGE         ADDRESS       SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------    ----------
10           James       45          Texas        5000.0